Complexity in Code Generation: When More Isn't Better

Large language models (LLMs) have taken code generation to new heights. We've seen a shift from single-shot prompting to more complex multi-agent systems. These architectures now include analysts, coders, testers, and debuggers. But have these changes made code any simpler?

The Complexity Conundrum

Researchers put six popular multi-agent configurations from the GPT-4o family under the microscope. They analyzed 1,968 observations across 164 HumanEval tasks. The goal? To see how these configurations stack up code complexity.

The study didn't just look at functional correctness. It used five RADON metrics to measure complexity: SLOC, cyclomatic complexity, Halstead Volume, Difficulty, and Effort. Here's what the benchmarks actually show: the architectures split into two clusters. These clusters had a 50-130% complexity gap. Intriguingly, the leaner setups didn't just hold their own on accuracy, they often performed better.

Architectural Layers: Friend or Foe?

Let's break this down. Among the different layers, the analyst-coder duo seemed to be the culprit for increased complexity. The runtime debugger, however, had the opposite effect and actually reduced it. But add a tester, and complexity shot back up.

So, why should anyone care? The lean architectures didn't just match their heavier counterparts pass@1 rates, they sometimes outperformed them. Strip away the marketing and you get a clear picture: more isn't necessarily better.

The Bottom Line

In the rush to build ever more elaborate LLM architectures, this study offers a reality check. If complexity isn't buying you accuracy, why pay the price? The architecture matters more than the parameter count. It should be justified by real benefits, not just assumptions.

One can't help but ask: Are we complicating things unnecessarily? Perhaps it's time to rethink our approach. Lean setups could be the future, offering efficiency without sacrificing performance. LLM-driven code generation, simplicity might be the ultimate sophistication.